Informatics Publishing Limited

Archana Shukla ¹, Pooja Pandey ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, UP, IN

Abstract

Spousal chronic illness is a challenge for both partners. The ill partner suffers due to the disease. The well partner suffers as he/she takes on the additional burden of caring for the ill spouse. Thus although only one partner of the marital dyad is ill, both of the marital partners and their relationships as well as lives get affected. Spousal illness therefore necessitates reframing of the underlying cognitions, remodeling of personal relationships, and reorganizing of lives. Much of these have to be done by the well partners. The present study sampled 304 male and female caregivers belonging to the four age groups of 25-35 yrs, 36-45 yrs, 46-55 yrs and 56-65 yrs and explored the extent to which they used three specific cognitive reframing strategies adaptive outlook, mental renovations and relationship remodeling - in order to care for and cope with spouses who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Data were collected through face to face personal interviews with caregivers and analyzed using 2x4 ANOVAs to study the gender and age related differences in the use of cognitive reframing strategies. The analysis revealed a significant main effect of sex with respect to all three cognitive reframing strategies. As compared to female caregivers, male caregivers were found to make greater use of adaptive outlook, mental renovations and relationship remodeling in their daily living. The findings are discussed in the light of sex roles, gender role socialization and clinical researches. The worth of the study lies in showing how care giving experiences of females differ from that of males in terms of nature, structure, range, amount and quality and also how cognitive reframing interventions, particularly for women, could be of great benefit in the context of caring for their chronically ill spouse.

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Pooja Pandey ¹, Archana Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, UP, IN

Abstract

This paper summarizes what we know and what we need to know in the context of HIV/AIDS. We know that the first HIV diagnosis was made in 1986 in India. Starting with this first case today almost close to 34 million people are living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. It is also a common knowledge that transmission of HIV takes place through the four modes of transmission i.e. unsafe sex, needle sharing, transfusion of infected blood or blood products and from infected pregnant mother to child. We also know that once inside the body HIV cannot be taken out, removed or cured. It can only be managed through medicines and a disciplined lifestyle. Even though we know that becoming HIV positive changes an infected person's life and also the lives of those related to this person. We somehow think that we (me and my people) are invincible and therefore HIV need not concern us. We conveniently assume that children would automatically acquire the needed knowledge as they grow up. What we need to know and remember therefore is that HIV is a behaviourally acquired infection; that in spite of the concerted efforts by the national and international agencies HIV/AIDS is still growing in India and worldwide; and that its prevention is really very simple provided one cares to change one's attitude and not indulge in high risk behaviors like unprotected sex, use of infected needle. Strategies for saving our young ones would therefore consist of providing accurate information to the children and teaching them life skills of problem solving also decision making, assertiveness and negotiation. Besides, we as a parent must develop effective parenting skills through life skills.

Keywords

HIV/AIDS, High Risk Behaviours, Presentation, Effective Parenting, Life skills

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Rajesh Pandey ¹, Dinesh Kumar ¹, A. S. Maurya ¹, Pooja Pandey ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian institute of Technology, Roorkee 247 667, IN
2 Department of Applied Sciences, PEC University, Chandigarh 160 012, IN

Abstract

Geochemical and statistical analyses have been carried out for the evaluation of source rocks characteristics of Jaisalmer Basin, Rajasthan, India. The geochemical analysis includes pyrolysis data, total organic carbon, oxygen and hydrogen indices. The analysis suggests that Cretaceous source rocks are poor to fair with kerogen of types III–II and have the capability of generating gas and oil whereas the Jurassic source rocks are poor with kerogen of type III and have the capability of generating gas. The Tertiary sources of rocks however have poor potential and are immature. The Jaisalmer Basin has gas-rich petroleum system, whereas the Baisakhi–Badesir and Pariwar sources have oil generation capability. The presence of higher concentration of N₂ and CO₂ in the gas suggests the over-maturation and residual accumulation of N₂ and CO₂ in the natural gases.

Keywords

Jaisalmer Basin, Kerogen, Pyrolysis Data, Source Rock.

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Pooja Pandey ¹, Abha Mishra ², Jyoti Pandey ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow - 226 025, Uttar Pradesh
2 Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow - 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow - 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Alternative safe ingredients are being increasingly promoted for resilient and sustainable activity, as they are in demand to replace drugs in aqua feed. Curcumin is a multifunction feed additive having immunostimulant and growth-promoting properties. In the present study, curcumin was synthesized and its potency was tested in the water on fish immunity and vital tissue anatomy. Adult Heteropneustes fossilis was treated for a short period (1, 5 days) to a long period (21 days) alone, further, its post-treatment clearance effect (one week without curcumin after 21 days treatment) was studied. The results showed that a mild dose of curcumin (10 μg/mL) in the medium was able to improve fish health (gill, liver, kidney histotexture) and immunity (direct and indirect haematology parameters) within a short duration and progressed further in a duration-dependent manner. Among haematological indices, some of them increased while others decreased significantly after curcumin treatment. Among immunity parameters white blood corpuscles, myeloperoxidase activity increased and nitroblue tetrazolium registered a decrease significantly, but the one-week post-treatment effect suggested poor maintenance of curcumin induced positive response towards health and immunity. Overall, the addition of curcumin (10 μg/mL) improved the growth performance and health of Heteropneustes fossilis.

Keywords

Curcumin, Haematology, Heteropneustes Fossilis, Histology

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Shivendra Sharma ¹, Pooja Pandey ¹, Hardik Pathak ¹, Saurabh Dave ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, JECRC University, Jaipur Department of Chemistry, JECRC University, Jaipur, Rajasthan,, IN

Abstract

The biodegradation potential of petroleum hydrocarbons such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-branched alkanes etc. of 4T engine oil were evaluated in aqueous media using bacterial strain isolated from petroleum contaminated soil of semi Arid region (Churu) of Rajasthan (India). Out of 12 petroleum hydrocarbons degrading bacterial strain one of the most growing bacteria was identified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans M66 by morphological, physiological, biochemical and partial sequencing of 16s rDNA. This strain was capable to degrade 68 ± 2% of n-alkanes, 28 ± 4% PAHs, and the abiotic loss was 20 ± 2% during 28 days incubation period. 64 ± 3% of n-alkanes and 26 ± 3% PAHs were biodegraded and abiotic loss during this period was 21 ± 3% in 35 days of incubation. As expected abiotic losses were decreases with increasing long chain alkanes and PAH’s concentration. Correlation between cell number and biodegradation rate showed that as the number of cell increased the degradation rate is also increased. The hydrocarbon contents were measured by Gas chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) QP-2010 plus Shimadzu) carriedColumn-Rtx-5 MS, 30-meter X 0.25 mm i.d. X 0.25 μm film thickness, 1 ml/min; pressure 72.6 kPa and split ratio 10%. The initial temperature was 60ºC kept for 6 minutes and final temperature for 260ºC was kept for 20 minutes with total running time of 50 minutes.

Keywords

GC MS, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, n- Alkanes, PAHs, Petroleum hydrocarbon

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